Process of regenerating sodium hydroxide-sodium sulphide cooking liquors



eliminated is usually suflicient to maintain the operation and to supply heat to produce steam.

physical losses in up by the addition or sodium sulphate v 7 compounds in the recovery operation such it'is soda ash to the resent d Sept. 12 less UNETED assess? PROCESS OF REGENERATING SODIUM as:

DROXIDE-SODIUM swarms CQQJWG Lioness- Walter Lee Savell, Forest Hills,

Alkali Worm,

The thieson N. 2., a corporation o3 N. E, asslgnor to fine, New York,

No Drawing. Application new is, 1e42, Serial massacre A 4 Claims. This invention relates to improvements in the regeneration of sodium hydroxide-sodium sulphide cooking liquors for the production of wood pulp by the Kraft or so-called sulphate'process.

bonate and sodium sulphide. This salt mixture is then dissolved in water to form a solution known as green liquor. This green liquor is causticized'with lime, to convertjsodium car- 'bonate to sodium hydroxide, and the resulting solution, known as white liquorf'becomes available as fresh cooking liquor in the pulping operation.

The steps of dehydration, oarbonization, hurning'and fusion are carried out in a furnace which may take a variety. of forms (see for example power, vol. 83, No. 5. pases-80-8L'May, 1939); The heat 01' combustion of the organic matter Losses in handling and in the several processin: steps require the addition of makeup materlal to maintain the requiredconcentrations of sodium hydroxide and sodium sulphide in the cooking liquor.

pulp and in pulp washing, entrainment in blowoil! from the cooking operation, decomposition of sulphides by hydrolysis and-resulting lossesjor sulphur in the form of gaseous compounds such as drosen sulphide, fume lossesand other the recovery operation.

these losses are made at a point In conventional practice,

(Cl. 2H8) to smium sulphide in connection with carbon- 'ization and combustion of the dehydrated resi-- due or black ash. It is this characteristic of the general operation which has causedit to be Following the cooking operation of the sul- 5 designated as the sulphate process" although phate process, in which wood is pulped by the sodium sulphate as such plays no part in the cooking liquor, the spent liquor is draine and cooking operation itself. It has also been prowashed from-the pulp mass and proce ed for posed to efiect the necessary makeup by addirecovery of sodium hydroxide and sodium sul- .tion of somum-carbonate and sulph r t0 the .phide. As separated from the pulp, the spent 10 la k Hom "Th addition of sodium carbonate liquor is @own as black liquor." This black or p ur tothesmeltins iiu'naee whe ein t liquor contains any unconsumed sodium hydroxblack ash is, being carbonized or burned has ide and sodium sulphide, compounds formed by also been sussested- The im r v t f this reaction of these pulping agents with organic invention ailord important advantages with reconstituents or the wood and other organic ma- 1 erect o these preetlees previously availableterlalextraoted from th w duriflg goofing, In my co-pending application Serial No.

In the conventional recovery operation, this fi March 1940. Of which the P black liquor is'dehydrated to form a; dehydrated ent app is P8111 a continuation. er residue known as "black ash" containing a sub aredescribed imp o in the regeneration stantisl proportion of organic material, thi do. of sodium hydroxide-sodium sulphide cooking hydrated residue is carbonized and burned 'to quors comprising the addition of a mixture of eliminate the organic matter and to regenerate soda ash and sul hur, preferably as a mixture the inorganic salts potentially t, and t of soda ashand sulphur intimately-aggregated o anic residue is fused to produce a molten by fusion. to t 'l'eflidue p m by e ysalt mixt consisting chiefly of sodium 25 dration oi theblack liquor after this dehydration, i. e; the removal 01' water present as a physical component, is substantially complete,

.. after carbonization; i. e. the heating of the black ash to decompose or volatilize ,or drive oil -or-' so sanic matter contained therein, has been'begun and before burning is complete, in the otherwise conventional'recovery operation.

In accordance with the invention therein d scrlbed,'the addition oi the soda 'ash' and-sulphur mixture is made before burning or the carbon residue is completed as some small amount of carbon is requ'ired'to cited; the reduction involvcd. The addition may be made during the burning or it may be made at any point after 3 carbonization oithe black ash is begun and with 1 advantage is made at a. point approximating completion of carbonization. By sou-operating, the added sulphur is substantially completely convertedtothesulphideandtheusuallossoif 7 The losses include-leakage, so-sulphur'in the furnace gases isreduced to a losses involved in separation 01' spent liquor from The advantsues derived from this improved operation are'not attained ii sodium carbonate and sulphur are added tothe Black liquor.

When sulphur is added to the black liquor, hy- .drogen sulphide is formed and liberated in subsequent processing, at temperatures below-those 7 at which-the mlphur-can-react'wlth the present] Moreover, the addition or reaction between the soda ash and orsanic components of the'black liquor to form compounds the soda content of which is not available for reaction with the sulphur until the orsanic com-- ponents of such compounds have been eliminated by cargonization. Bythe time the soda content oisuc compounds thus becomes available for due so that there is no substantial mixing of the synthetic salt cake with the burning mass until thereby reduced to sulphide.

reaction with sulphur, much of the sulphur has Y but before burning is completed. The operation is improvedby the. elimination of hydrogen evolved in the carbonization process prior to the addition of sodaash and sulphur.

-thstt improved results are obtained if the soda oxidising atmosphere prior to any substantial mix. in: of either with the carbonized or partly carmixture of soda ash and sulphur to a preliminary heatins to the reaction temper ture. Thereafter the reacted product in a' molten condition is with advantase caused to flow over the hot burning carbonaceous nesidue from the black ash. In accordance withthe present invention, the soda ash and sulphur are subiected to the preliminary heating in intimate admixture, preferhis intimately ass essted by fusion as described inPatent Number 2,223,631, issued December 3, 1040 on application of. Robert B. llacliullim For convenience, this intimate admixture of soda ash and sulfur whether or not aur'esated b fusion. wni'lkl' be synthetic salt Upon heating to a temperature around 300 in intimately mixture, the sodium car. bonate and sulphur readily to formsodium sulphide and sodium sulphlte. During the subsequent burning or carbonisation and burnins of the-black ashresidue with the reaction product admixed therewith, the sodium sulphite is reduced to sodium sulphide. The seneral. reactions in volved may be typified as follows:

'(1) macor+ss=znsss+acos+sos; m nucot+soi=nsssot+ool (a) moso=+sc=nsos+soo salt cake is with advantasef accomplished in accordance with the present invention,

new or smelter in which the biack'ash residue is bein's'burnedinsuchawa thatitisbrousht into heat exchanse reiationship with the burning residue without becoming, admixed therewith to the reaction temperature of its constituentsand and the sulphur is substantially completed. For example, the synthetic salt cake may be harged presentinvention is based on my discovery 4 cake on the bed of hot charred black liquor residue therein. Similarly, in using a recovery furnace tionof the black liquor is substantially complete the soda a sh and sulphur have become sufficiently heated to'cause theirreaction. The reacted mass in a molten condition is then permitted to flow down over the burning mass and the sulphite In th s manner the operation may be carried out in the conventional apparatus already available with a minllnum of handling, labor and loss of materials. The preliminary heating of the synthetic salt cake to the reaction temperature is accomplished by heat from the burning residue and consequently there is no added fuel requirement. Further. the reducing atmosphere of the furnace is a'particularly suitable environment for the de-.

sired reaction between the soda ash and sulphur.

By heatins the soda ash and sulphur in intimate admixture in the reducing atmosphere of -mixture to any substantial extent with any of the-materials normally introduced into the. furashiscausedtoreactwiththes1uphurinanon- I bonlsed residue from the black-liquor. Such re-, action may be brousht about by subjecting the C. in a non-oxidisin's' atmosphere, particularly if uses, and particularly organic matter, there is avoided the loss of sulphur, which occurs when free sulphur, whether or not it is admixed with sodium carbonate, is heated with organicma- .terial present in black liquor or black ash. Smelt in: furnaces of conventional types have been found to be very satisfactory units for providins the heat and the reducing atmosphere necessary for inducing the desired reaction between the sodium carbonate and the sulphur.

The present invention is not limited in its use .to 'any particular type of recovery furnace. It is adapted to any of the conventional types of 'smeltera'which permit the preliminary heating of the synthetic salt cake by heat from the burnin: residue in a reducing .atmosphere to tempera- .charsed onto a hot bed of burning black ash The resultant reaction of the soda ash and sulphur constituents of the,

by charzinsthe synthetic salt cakeinto the fur--65 the dehydrated and charredprodu residue formed by the-dehydration'and carboniia- Tomlinson type, the synthetic salt cakexmay be shoveled throush the access door at the back of the furnace. forming a pile of the synthetic salt of the Murray-Waern type, the synthetic salt cake may be periodically dumped or shoveled directly into the combustion unit which receives ct discharged fromtheheated rotaryunit.

The soda? ash and .sulphurare added in the proportions necessary to maintain the required concentration of sodium hydroxide and sodium 'W-matefllfl extent un'tilit has been heated to""l0 l phlde in the 000m 1 0 p pd i d will vary as the losses of soda and sulphurvary in preferably until the reaction between the soda ash the particular operation. If the sodium carbonate and sulphur areadded in ratio (by weight) of 106:32, the addition of 138 pounds of this mix- .ontothe top of'a burnins mass of black sell 1- ture will lieq valent to the ddition of 142 pounds of sodium sulphate. Thus, in any par:- ticular operation, the ratio of mixed sodium carbonate and sulphur (mixed in a ratio of 108:32)

to the sodium sulphate for which the mixture is 1 to be substituted will be about 138:142 or somewhat iess because of the improvements in emciency attained through the invention. Where the losses of soda and sulphur vary from the ratio in whichthese two components are replaced by addition of sodium sulphate, the ratio of sodium carbonate to sulphur in the mixture added for makeup is correspondingly varied to balance the differences in such losses. 4

My invention will be further illustrated by the following description of its commercial application to conventional recovery units.

One commercial unit to which my present invention has been successfully applied consists essentially of a rotary, furnace from which the partly carbonized black ash is discharged alternately toms of two rectangular burning and smelting furnaces. ,In the top portion of each of the smelting furnaces there is a door on a level with the floor of the building housing the unit. This unit is so operated that partly carbonized black ash from the rotary furnace is charged to alternate'smelting furnaces for periods of one-half hour. Shortly after this feed is switched from the first smelting furnace to the sec/end, the required amount of synthetic salt cake, usually about 250 pounds, is dumped through the said door at the top of the smelter and permitted to fall in a heap onto the top of the smelt bed, in which position it becomesheated andflnally fused by absorbed heat and the reaction between the constituents thereof effected furnace.

wall. In accordance with my inventiomthe synthetic salt cake is continuously blown into the front of the furnace through a stationarynozzle situated directly .below the nozzle through which the black'liquor is injectedand directed at such an angle that the synthetic salt cake hits the bed of burning black ashiust belowthe top of the bed; There the synthetic salt cake sticks,'forms a crusty deposit and, in this position, fuses and; smelts with a minimum of mixing with the black ash until the reaction between its soda ash and sulphur constituents is substantially completed,

as, in this apparatus, the black liquor spray nozzle does not deposit black liquor residue on the surface 'of the front walls of the furnace to any great extent. This is also accomplished with a minimum of mixing with primary air since there are no air ports on the front side of the smelter.

In this operation, a pressure or about 20 pounds per square inch was maintained in the smeltin It will be understood that in each of these commercial operations just described, the inorganic constituents originally potentially present.

in the black ash and the added reaction products of the synthetic salt cake are fused and drawn substantially completely withno. contact whatever with the black liquorand only relatively slight contact with the black ash residue prior to their reaction. Finally, the reaction products melt and run down over the burning residue and the sodium sulphite is thereby reduced to the sulphide. The synthetic salt cake is thus charged to each of the smelting furnaces hourly by alter-'- nately charging the salt cake to one and then the other every half hour.

A second conventional type recovery unit to which my invention has been successfully applied consists of a rotary black ash furnace which dis-'- charges continuously into a single cylindrical smelting furnace. This melting furnace has two oppositely-positioned firing doors just above the normal level of the bed of burning black ash maintained therein. These doors are for use in raking and trimmingflres and for firing wood.

and other materials when necessary. In accordance with my invention, a quantity of synthetic salt cake, usually about 250-300 pounds, is rapidly-shoveled once each hour through-' each door of the smelter, i. e. through alternate doors every half hour, so as to form a mass of the-synthetic salt cake on a portion of the bed-of burning residue least disturbed by the charge from the rotary-black ash furnace. In this-operation the synthetic salt cake becomes heated by absorbash and sulphur constituents, and thereafter causing the resultant reaction products to be brought intocontact with the burning carbonizedin heat from thebuming bed of blackjash and the reaction of the constituents thereof iss'ub- 'stantially completed without any material mixing of the unreacted sodiumcarbonate or sui phur with theblack ash residue. Thereafter, the m molten reaction products run down over the burn- In a third commercial operation utilizing my ing residue and the sulphite is reduced invention, a conventional n. a W.'Tomlinso;n rc-' 1s residue an offisoda ash and fromthe melting furnace and treated in the conventional manner for the production of white ie r- -i* As previously described, the proportion of soda ash and sulphur added as described is adjusted to suit the particular operating conditions so as to maintain the required sulphidity and alkalinity. I claim:

1."In the regeneration of sodium hydroxide- I sodium sulphide cooking liquors by dehydrating the spent liquor to form black ash, carbonizin the black ash. burningthe carbonized residue and fusing the resultant organic residue and in which-a bed of burning carbonized residue is maintained-inia-recovery furnace, the improvement which comprises maintaining in a nondizing atmosphere in said furnace an admixture of sodaash and sulphur in which the two constituents are in such contact that on heating to their reaction temperature substantially the entire amounts of the soda ash and sulphur will substantially completely react, said admixture being maintained in heat exchange relation with the burning residue but with no substantial mix- 1118 therewith until saidadmixture has become heated to the reaction temperature of its soda residue. a

2. In the regeneration of sodium hydroxidesodium sulphide cooking liquors by dehydrating the spent liquor to form black ash, carboni'zln the black ash. burning the carbonized residue .and fusing the resultant or ni residues-11d in which "a bed of burning carbonized residue is maintained in a recovery furnace, the improvement which comprises charging onto a bed of covery unit is employed and in the operation of sulphide and sodium mitting the molten 4' 4 sulphur in which the two constituents are in such contact that on heating to their reaction ternperature substantially the entire amount of the soda ash and sulphur will substantially completely react, maintaining said admixture on the bed of burning residue without substantially mixing with the residue until said admixture has become heated to the reaction temperature of I sodiumsulphide cooking liquors in which a bed of burning carbonized residue from the spent liquor, consisting principally of carbon and inorganic material, is maintained in a recovery furnace wherein the residue is burned and fused, v the improvement which comprises .periodically charging carbonized residue to the furnace and alternately charging on to the bed of burning swears? sulphur constituents 'to'form-amoltenmixture consistingprlmarllyofsodium snlpbideandsodium sulphite. and thereafter permitting the molten reaction products toiiow onto the burning residue with resulting reduction of the sodium sulphite to sodium sulphide..

4. In the regeneration of sodium hydroxidev sodium sulphide cooking liquors'in which a bed of;burning carbonized residue from the spent liquor is maintained in a recovery furnace and to which carbonisedreddue is continuously added, theimprovement which comprises continuously charting an admixture of soda ash and sulphur, in which the .two constituents are in such contact that on heating to their reaction temperature substantially the entire amounts of the soda ash and sulphur will substantially compietely react, onto a portion of the bed of burning residue removed from a point at which said bed is replenished by carbonised residue so as to avoid substantial mixing with the continuously charged residue or the burning residue of the bed until the admixture of soda ash and sulphur hasbeen residue an admixture of soda ash and sulphur-in which the two constituents are in such contact as that on heating to their reaction temperature substantially the entire amountof the soda ash and sulphur will substantially completely 'zl'ea'ct, maintaining said admixture on the bedof buming residue without substantial mixing with the residue untilsaid admixture has become heated to the reaction temperature of its soda ash and sulphite to sodium sulphide.

heated to the. resction'temperature of its ash and sulphur constituents to form amixture consisting primarily of sodium sulphide and sodium sulphite.- and permitting the molten reaction products to iiow onto the burn ing residue with resulting reduction of war-m umum 

